Nūhou

Hiki i nā pila sodium-ion (SIB) ke hāʻawi aku i kahi koho hoʻēmi kumukūʻai kūpono i nā pila lithium-ion (LIB), e like me kahi hōʻike mai ka International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).

ʻO ka "ʻoihana"Nā Pākahi Sodium-Ion: He ʻōlelo pōkole no ka ʻenehanaWahi a ka hōʻike, ua kaulana mua ke kumu no nā SIB i ka makahiki 2021, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ke piʻi nui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai lithium carbonate, akā i ka emi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai lithium mai ia manawa, e ʻike ʻia inā e lilo nā SIB i koho ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o nā LIB i ka wā lōʻihi.

Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻohui ka hōʻike e mālama paha nā SIB i kahi pono hoʻokūkū ma luna o nā LIB, me kekahi mau mea hana e manaʻo nei e hāʻule ke kumukūʻai o nā cell SIB i $40/kWh ke piʻi ka hana ʻana.

Loaʻa i nā SIB kahi pono kūpono ma luna o nā LIB ma muli o ka nui a me ka hiki ke loaʻa o ka sodium, kahi mea i ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka lithium. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo IRENA ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka sodium carbonate ma waena o 2020 a me 2024 ma waena o $100/tonne a me $500/tonne, ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai o ka lithium carbonate ma ka manawa like ma waena o $6,000/tonne a me $83,000/tonne.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka sodium ma kahi o 1,000 mau manawa ma mua o ka lithium i loko o ka ʻili o ka Honua a ma kahi o 60,000 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā moana, e alakaʻi ana iā IRENA e manaʻo e hiki i nā SIB ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā kaomi kaulahao lako a hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka pila, ʻoiai i waena o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā kaʻa uila, kahi i manaʻo ʻia e helu no 90% o ka halihali alanui ma ka makahiki 2050.

Ua manaʻo pū ke keʻena e hiki i nā SIB ke hoʻohana i nā mea hana ʻoi aku ka uku kūpono i kā lākou kūkulu ʻana, e like me nā mea cathode ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai e like me ka manganese a me ka hao, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hōʻiliʻili alumini ma kahi o nā mea keleawe ma LIBs.

Loaʻa i nā SIB ka pōmaikaʻi o ka hiki ke hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā LIB ma muli o ka ʻenehana i koe i kona wā hou a hiki i kēia lā, wahi a ka hōʻike. Manaʻo ʻia ka hiki ke hana o nā SIB e hōʻea i ka 70 GWh i kēia makahiki, i kālele nui ʻia ma Kina a ua hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kemika metala oxide cathode layered.

ʻOiai e manaʻo ʻia ana e ulu ka mana hana i 400 GWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumi, kuhikuhi ʻo IRENA aia nō ka kānalua e pili ana i ke komo ʻana o nā SIB i ka mākeke i ka wā e hiki mai ana, me nā wānana koi mai nā kumu like ʻole mai 50 GWh a i 600 GWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumi.

Ma waho aʻe o nā kaʻa uila, ʻōlelo ʻo IRENA he nui ka hiki ke loaʻa nā SIB i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu paʻa a nui hoʻi no ka mea hāʻawi lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona palekana hoʻohiki, hana maikaʻi ma nā ʻano mahana like ʻole a me nā ola hoʻokūkū. Hiki i nā SIB ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i nā wahi haʻahaʻa a me nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka palekana, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke lanakila ma mua o nā LIB.

Ua hoʻohui ʻo IRENA ʻoiai he nui ka hiki ke loaʻa nā SIB, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, me nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka lawa ʻana o ke koi a me kahi kaulahao lako paʻa. Hoʻoikaika pū ka ʻoihana ʻaʻole pono e ʻike ʻia nā SIB ma ke ʻano he pani piha no nā LIB, akā, ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana hoʻohui e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kekahi o nā hopohopo hoʻomau a me ka loaʻa ʻana e pili ana i ke kaulahao lako pila.

"ʻO ka holomua lōʻihi o nā SIB e hilinaʻi paha ia ma luna o kekahi mau kumu, me ke kumukūʻai a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea," wahi a ka hōʻike. "ʻO nā bottlenecks i loko o ke kaulahao hoʻolako lithium, ka nele o ka lithium a i ʻole ke kumukūʻai lithium kiʻekiʻe aʻe e hopena i nā helu komo kiʻekiʻe no nā SIB, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻemi hou ʻana o ke kumukūʻai ma LIB e loaʻa paha ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke koi ʻana o SIB."