Ndi chiyaniImafakitale ndiCzamalondaEnergySrage ndiCzonseBntchitoModels

I. Kusungirako Mphamvu Zamakampani ndi Zamalonda

"Mafakitale ndi malonda osungira mphamvu" amatanthauza njira zosungiramo mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale kapena malonda.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto, kusungirako mphamvu kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu amphamvu, mbali ya gridi, komanso kusungirako mphamvu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Kusungirako mphamvu yamagetsi ndi grid-mbali kumadziwikanso kuti pre-meter energy yosungirako kapena kusungirako zambiri, pamene kusungirako mphamvu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumatchedwa post-meter energy storage. Kusungirako mphamvu kwa ogwiritsira ntchito kungathe kugawidwa m'mafakitale ndi malonda osungira mphamvu ndi kusunga mphamvu zapakhomo. M'malo mwake, kusungirako mphamvu zamafakitale ndi zamalonda kumagwera pansi pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito, zoperekera ku mafakitale kapena zamalonda. Kusungirako mphamvu zamafakitale ndi zamalonda kumapeza ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mapaki a mafakitale, malo ogulitsa, malo opangira data, malo olumikizirana, nyumba zoyang'anira, zipatala, masukulu, ndi nyumba zogona.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, kapangidwe kazinthu zosungira mphamvu zama mafakitale ndi zamalonda zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: machitidwe ophatikizana a DC ndi machitidwe ophatikizika a AC. Makina ophatikizira a DC nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina ophatikizira osungira ma photovoltaic, okhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana monga makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic (makamaka okhala ndi ma module a photovoltaic ndi owongolera), makina opangira mphamvu zosungira mphamvu (makamaka kuphatikiza mapaketi a batri, otembenuza bidirectional ("PCS"), batire machitidwe oyang'anira ("BMS"), kukwaniritsa kuphatikizika kwa magetsi opangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi kusungirako), machitidwe oyendetsera mphamvu ("EMS machitidwe"), ndi zina zotero.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yogwirira ntchito imaphatikizapo kulipiritsa mwachindunji mapaketi a batri ndi mphamvu ya DC yopangidwa ndi ma module a photovoltaic kudzera pa owongolera a photovoltaic. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya AC yochokera pagululi imatha kusinthidwa kukhala magetsi a DC kudzera pa PCS kuti azilipiritsa batire paketi. Pakakhala kufunikira kwa magetsi kuchokera pa katundu, batri imatulutsa panopa, ndi malo osonkhanitsira mphamvu ali kumapeto kwa batri. Kumbali ina, makina olumikizirana a AC amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo, kuphatikiza makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic (makamaka okhala ndi ma module a photovoltaic ndi ma inverters olumikizidwa ndi grid), makina opangira magetsi osungira mphamvu (makamaka kuphatikiza mapaketi a batri, PCS, BMS, etc.), EMS system, etc.

Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito imaphatikizapo kutembenuza mphamvu ya DC yopangidwa ndi ma photovoltaic modules kukhala mphamvu ya AC kupyolera mu ma inverters olumikizidwa ndi grid, omwe amatha kuperekedwa mwachindunji ku gridi kapena katundu wamagetsi. Kapenanso, itha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya DC kudzera pa PCS ndikulipitsidwa ku batire paketi. Panthawiyi, malo osonkhanitsira mphamvu ali kumapeto kwa AC. Machitidwe ogwirizanitsa a DC amadziwika kuti ndi okwera mtengo komanso osinthasintha, oyenerera pazochitika zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochepa masana ndi usiku. Kumbali ina, machitidwe ophatikizana a AC amadziwika ndi ndalama zambiri komanso kusinthasintha, zabwino kwa mapulogalamu omwe magetsi opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ali kale kapena kumene ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri masana ndi usiku.

Kawirikawiri, zomangamanga za mafakitale ndi malonda osungira mphamvu zamagetsi zimatha kugwira ntchito mopanda mphamvu kuchokera ku gridi yaikulu yamagetsi ndikupanga microgrid ya photovoltaic mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ndi kusungirako batri.

II. Peak Valley Arbitrage

Peak valley arbitrage ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri posungira mphamvu zamafakitale ndi zamalonda, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kulipiritsa kuchokera ku gridi pamitengo yotsika yamagetsi ndikutulutsa pamitengo yamagetsi apamwamba.

Kutengera China mwachitsanzo, magawo ake ogulitsa mafakitale ndi malonda nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zamitengo yamagetsi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito komanso mfundo zamtengo wapatali wamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo cha Shanghai, bungwe la Shanghai Development and Reform Commission linapereka chidziwitso kuti lipititse patsogolo nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mitengo yamagetsi mumzinda (Shanghai Development and Reform Commission [2022] No. 50). Malinga ndi chidziwitso:

Pazifukwa zamakampani ndi zamalonda, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a magawo awiri ndi mafakitole akulu, nthawi yayitali kwambiri imachokera ku 19:00 mpaka 21:00 m'nyengo yozizira (Januware ndi Disembala) komanso kuyambira 12:00 mpaka 14: 00 m'chilimwe (July ndi August).

Panthawi ya chilimwe (July, August, September) ndi nyengo yozizira (Januware, December), mitengo yamagetsi idzakwera ndi 80% kutengera mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Mosiyana ndi izi, panthawi yotsika, mitengo yamagetsi idzatsika ndi 60% kutengera mtengo wamba. Kuonjezera apo, panthawi yachiwombankhanga, mitengo yamagetsi idzakwera ndi 25% kutengera mtengo wapamwamba.

M'miyezi ina panthawi yachiwombankhanga, mitengo yamagetsi idzakwera ndi 60% kutengera mtengo wamtengo wapatali, pamene nthawi yotsika, mitengo idzatsika ndi 50% kutengera mtengo wamtengo wapatali.

Pakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'mafakitale, malonda, ndi makina ena amtundu umodzi, maola apamwamba okha ndi a m'chigwa amasiyanitsidwa popanda kugawikana kwina kwa maola apamwamba. Pa nthawi ya chilimwe (July, August, September) ndi nyengo yozizira (January, December), mitengo ya magetsi idzakwera ndi 20% kutengera mtengo wamtengo wapatali, pamene nthawi yotsika, mitengo idzachepa ndi 45% kutengera mtengo wamtengo wapatali. M'miyezi ina m'maola apamwamba, mitengo yamagetsi idzawonjezeka ndi 17% kutengera mtengo wamtengo wapatali, pamene nthawi yochepa, mitengo idzatsika ndi 45% kutengera mtengo wamtengo wapatali.

Makina osungira mphamvu zamafakitale ndi mabizinesi amakulitsa mtengo wamitengoyi pogula magetsi otsika panthawi yomwe sali otsika kwambiri ndikutumiza kumagetsi panthawi yamagetsi okwera kwambiri kapena okwera mtengo. Mchitidwewu umathandizira kuchepetsa ndalama zamagetsi zamabizinesi.

III. Kusintha kwa Nthawi Yamagetsi

"Kusintha kwanthawi yamagetsi" kumaphatikizapo kusintha nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito kusungirako mphamvu kuti athe kuwongolera zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri ndikudzaza nthawi yomwe ikufunika kwambiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira magetsi monga ma cell a photovoltaic, kusagwirizana pakati pa curve yamagetsi ndi mayendedwe ogwiritsira ntchito katundu kumatha kupangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito agulitse magetsi ochulukirapo ku gridi pamitengo yotsika kapena kugula magetsi kuchokera pagululi pamitengo yokwera.

Kuti athane ndi izi, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulipiritsa batire panthawi yomwe magetsi akugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono ndikutulutsa magetsi osungidwa panthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Njira iyi ikufuna kukulitsa phindu lazachuma komanso kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wamakampani. Kuphatikiza apo, kupulumutsa mphamvu zochulukirapo zamphepo ndi dzuwa kuchokera kumalo ongowonjezedwanso kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pakafunika kwambiri zimawonedwanso ngati chizolowezi chosinthira mphamvu.

Kusintha kwa nthawi ya mphamvu kulibe zofunikira zokhwima zokhudzana ndi ndandanda yolipiritsa ndi kutulutsa, ndipo magawo amagetsi panjirazi amakhala osinthika, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yankho losunthika ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.

IV.Mitundu yamabizinesi wamba yosungiramo mphamvu zamafakitale ndi zamalonda

1.MutuIkukhudzidwa

Monga tanena kale, maziko osungira mphamvu zamafakitale ndi malonda agona pakugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo mphamvu ndi ntchito, ndikupeza phindu losungiramo mphamvu kudzera pa peak Valley arbitrage ndi njira zina. Ndipo kuzungulira unyolowu, omwe akutenga nawo mbali akuphatikiza othandizira zida, wopereka mphamvu, chipani chobwereketsa ndalama, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito:

2.WambaBntchitoModels

Pakadali pano, pali mitundu inayi yodziwika bwino yamabizinesi osungira mphamvu zamafakitale ndi zamalonda, zomwe ndi "user self investment" model, "pure leasing", model "contract energy management", ndi "contract energy management+financing leasing" chitsanzo. Tafotokoza mwachidule izi motere:

(1)Use Indalama

Pansi pa mtundu wogwiritsa ntchito ndalama, wogwiritsa ntchito amagula ndikuyika makina osungira mphamvu pawokha kuti asangalale ndi mapindu osungira mphamvu, makamaka kudzera pa peak valley arbitrage. Munjira iyi, ngakhale wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kuchepetsa mwachindunji kumeta ndi kudzaza zigwa, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi, amafunikirabe kunyamula mtengo woyambira komanso ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Chiwonetsero cha bizinesi ili motere:

(2) OyeraLkuchepetsa

Mu njira yobwereketsa yoyera, wogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kugula malo osungirako mphamvu pawokha. Amangofunika kubwereka malo osungirako mphamvu kuchokera kwa wothandizira zipangizo ndi kulipira malipiro ofanana. Wopereka zida amapereka ntchito zomanga, zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ndalama zosungiramo mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku izi zimakondwera ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Chiwonetsero cha bizinesi ili motere:

(3) Contract Energy Management

Pansi pa chitsanzo cha kasamalidwe ka mphamvu ya mgwirizano, wopereka chithandizo chamagetsi amaika ndalama pogula malo osungiramo mphamvu ndikuwapereka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mwa mawonekedwe a ntchito zamagetsi. Wopereka mphamvu zamagetsi ndi wogwiritsa ntchito amagawana phindu la kusungirako mphamvu m'njira yogwirizana (kuphatikiza kugawana phindu, kuchotsera mtengo wamagetsi, ndi zina zotero), ndiko kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito makina osungira mphamvu zosungira mphamvu kusunga mphamvu zamagetsi panthawi yachigwa kapena mtengo wamba wamagetsi. nthawi, ndiyeno kupereka mphamvu ku katundu wa wogwiritsa ntchito panthawi yamtengo wapatali wamagetsi. Wogwiritsa ntchito ndi wothandizira mphamvu ndiye amagawana phindu losungiramo mphamvu mu gawo lomwe adagwirizana. Poyerekeza ndi njira yodzipangira okha ndalama, chitsanzochi chimayambitsa opereka mphamvu zamagetsi omwe amapereka ntchito zofananira zosungira mphamvu. Opereka chithandizo chamagetsi amatenga gawo la osunga ndalama mumgwirizano wowongolera mphamvu, zomwe zimachepetsa kukakamiza kwa ndalama kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Chiwonetsero cha bizinesi ili motere:

(4) Contract Energy Management + Financing Leasing

Mtundu wa "Contract Energy Management+Financial Leasing" umatanthawuza kukhazikitsidwa kwa chipani chobwereketsa ndalama monga ochepetsetsa malo osungiramo mphamvu ndi / kapena ntchito zamagetsi pansi pa chitsanzo cha Contract Energy Management. Poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo cha kasamalidwe ka mphamvu ya mgwirizano, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndalama zogulira ndalama zogulira malo osungirako mphamvu kumachepetsa kwambiri mavuto a zachuma kwa opereka magetsi, motero amawathandiza kuti aziganizira bwino ntchito zoyendetsera mphamvu za mgwirizano.

Mtundu wa "Contract Energy Management+Financial Leasing" ndiwovuta kwambiri ndipo uli ndi mitundu ingapo. Mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo chimodzi chodziwika bwino ndi chakuti wothandizira magetsi amapeza malo osungirako mphamvu kuchokera kwa wothandizira zipangizo, ndiyeno gulu lobwereketsa ndalama limasankha ndikugula malo osungiramo mphamvu malinga ndi mgwirizano wawo ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, ndikubwereketsa malo osungirako mphamvu. wogwiritsa ntchito.

Panthawi yobwereketsa, umwini wa malo osungiramo mphamvu ndi wa chipani chobwereketsa ndalama, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi ufulu wozigwiritsa ntchito. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa nthawi yobwereketsa, wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kupeza umwini wa malo osungirako mphamvu. Wothandizira mphamvu zamagetsi amapereka ntchito zomanga, zogwirira ntchito ndi zosamalira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo atha kupeza malingaliro ofanana kuchokera kugulu lobwereketsa ndalama zogulitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida. Chiwonetsero cha bizinesi ili motere:

Mosiyana ndi chitsanzo cha mbeu yapitayi, mumtundu wina wa mbewu, wobwereketsa ndalama amaika ndalama mwachindunji kwa wothandizira mphamvu, osati wogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachindunji, chipani chobwereketsa ndalama chimasankha ndikugula malo osungirako mphamvu kuchokera kwa omwe amapereka zida malinga ndi mgwirizano wake ndi wothandizira mphamvu, ndikubwereketsa malo osungiramo mphamvu kwa wothandizira mphamvu.

Wothandizira mphamvu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo mphamvu zotere kuti apereke ntchito zamagetsi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, kugawana phindu losungiramo mphamvu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mugawo lomwe adagwirizana, ndikubweza chipani chobwereketsa ndalama ndi gawo lazopindulitsa. Nthawi yobwereketsa itatha, wopereka chithandizo chamagetsi amapeza umwini wa malo osungirako mphamvu. Chiwonetsero cha bizinesi ili motere:

V. Mgwirizano Wamba wa Bizinesi

Muchitsanzo chomwe chakambidwa, ma protocol oyamba abizinesi ndi zina zofananira zafotokozedwa motere:

1.Mgwirizano wa Cooperation Framework Agreement:

Mabungwe atha kulowa mumgwirizano wamgwirizano kuti akhazikitse dongosolo la mgwirizano. Mwachitsanzo, mu chitsanzo cha kasamalidwe ka mphamvu ya mgwirizano, wothandizira mphamvu amatha kusaina mgwirizano woterewu ndi wothandizira zipangizo, kufotokoza maudindo monga kumanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosungiramo mphamvu.

2.Mgwirizano Woyang'anira Mphamvu Zosungirako Mphamvu:

Mgwirizanowu nthawi zambiri umakhudza kasamalidwe ka mphamvu zamakontrakitala komanso mtundu wa "contract energy management + financing leasing". Zimakhudzanso kuperekedwa kwa ntchito zoyendetsera mphamvu ndi wothandizira mphamvu kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapindula ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Udindo umaphatikizapo malipiro ochokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi mgwirizano wa chitukuko cha polojekiti, pamene wothandizira magetsi amayang'anira mapangidwe, zomangamanga, ndi ntchito.

3.Mgwirizano Wogulitsa Zida:

Kupatula mtundu wa leasing koyera, mapangano ogulitsa zida ndi ofunikira pamitundu yonse yosungira mphamvu zamalonda. Mwachitsanzo, muzochita zodzipangira okha, mapangano amapangidwa ndi ogulitsa zida zogulira ndikuyika malo osungirako mphamvu. Chitsimikizo chaubwino, kutsata miyezo, komanso ntchito zogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa ndizofunikira kwambiri.

4.Mgwirizano wa Ntchito Zaukadaulo:

Mgwirizanowu nthawi zambiri umasainidwa ndi wopereka zida kuti apereke ntchito zaukadaulo monga kapangidwe ka makina, kukhazikitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kukonza. Zofunikira zomveka bwino zautumiki ndi kutsata miyezo ndi zinthu zofunika kuziganizira m'mapangano aukadaulo.

5.Mgwirizano Wobwereketsa Zida:

Muzochitika zomwe opereka zida amakhalabe ndi umwini wa malo osungira mphamvu, mapangano obwereketsa zida amasainidwa pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi othandizira. Mapanganowa amafotokoza udindo wa ogwiritsa ntchito posamalira ndi kuwonetsetsa kuti malowa akuyenda bwino.

6.Mgwirizano Wobwereketsa Ndalama:

Muchitsanzo cha "Contract Energy Management + Financial Leasing", mgwirizano wobwereketsa ndalama umakhazikitsidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito kapena opereka chithandizo cha mphamvu ndi maphwando obwereketsa ndalama. Mgwirizanowu umayang'anira kugula ndi kupereka malo osungira mphamvu, ufulu wa umwini panthawi yobwereketsa komanso pambuyo pa nthawi yobwereketsa, ndi malingaliro osankha malo oyenera osungira mphamvu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba kapena opereka magetsi.

VI. Kusamala mwapadera kwa opereka chithandizo chamagetsi

Othandizira mphamvu zamagetsi amatenga gawo lalikulu pakukwaniritsa kusungirako mphamvu zamafakitale ndi zamalonda ndikupeza phindu losunga mphamvu. Kwa opereka chithandizo chamagetsi, pali mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera pansi pa kusungirako mphamvu zamafakitale ndi zamalonda, monga kukonzekera polojekiti, ndalama zothandizira polojekiti, kugula malo ndi kukhazikitsa. Timalemba mwachidule nkhani izi motere: