Iterambere ry’Ingufu mu Nganda: Abahanga mu bya siyansi bateje imbere uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu zisubira

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa zabaye uburyo buzwi cyane bwo gusimbura ibikomoka kuri peteroli gakondo. Ariko, kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye inganda zikoresha ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa zihura nabyo ni ugushaka uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa nk'umuyaga n'izuba. Ariko ubu, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoze ubushakashatsi bushobora guhindura byose.

Abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya California, Berkeley bavumbuye uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa zishobora guhindura urwego rw’ingufu. Iterambere ririmo ikoreshwa ry’ubwoko bwa molekile yitwa "photoswitch," ishobora kwinjiza urumuri rw’izuba no kubika ingufu zaryo kugeza igihe bikenewe.

Molekile za photoswitch zigizwe n'ibice bibiri: igice gifata urumuri n'igice cyo kubika. Iyo zishyizwe ku zuba, molekile zifata ingufu zikabibika mu buryo buhamye. Iyo ingufu zibitswe zikenewe, molekile zishobora gukururwa kugira ngo zirekure ingufu mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe cyangwa urumuri.

Uburyo bushoboka bwo gukoresha ubu buryo ni bwinshi cyane. Urugero, bushobora gutuma ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nk'izuba n'umuyaga zikoreshwa neza, ndetse n'igihe izuba ritava cyangwa umuyaga utari guhuha. Bushobora kandi gutuma habaho kubika ingufu zirenze urugero zikomoka ku bimera mu gihe cy'ubukene bucye hanyuma bukarekurwa mu gihe cy'ubukene bukabije, bigabanura gukenera inganda zikora amashanyarazi zihenze kandi zangiza ibidukikije.

Abashakashatsi bateye imbere muri ubu bushakashatsi bishimiye ingaruka bushobora kugira ku nganda z’ingufu. Umwe mu bashakashatsi bakuru, Porofeseri Omar Yaghi, yagize ati: “Ibi bishobora guhindura ibintu.” “Bishobora gutuma ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa zirushaho kuba ingirakamaro kandi zihendutse, kandi bikadufasha kugera ku hazaza harambye.”

Birumvikana ko hakiri byinshi bigomba gukorwa mbere yuko iri koranabuhanga rishyirwa mu bikorwa cyane. Abashakashatsi ubu barimo gukora ku kunoza imikorere ya molekile za photoswitch, ndetse no gushaka uburyo bwo kongera umusaruro. Ariko niba batsinze, ibi bishobora kuba impinduka ikomeye mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere no kuzamuka kwacu tugana ku hazaza heza kandi harambye.

Mu gusoza, iterambere rya molekile za photoswitch rigaragaza iterambere rikomeye mu nganda z'ingufu. Mu gutanga uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, iri koranabuhanga rishobora kudufasha kuva ku kwishingikiriza ku bikomoka kuri peteroli no kugana ahazaza harambye. Nubwo hakiri byinshi byo gukora, iri terambere ni intambwe ishimishije mu gushaka ingufu zisukuye kandi zitoshye.