Iterambere ryimpinduramatwara mu nganda zingufu: Abahanga bategura uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu zisubirwamo

Mu myaka yashize, ingufu zisubirwamo zahindutse abantu benshi basimbura ibicanwa gakondo. Nyamara, imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zugarije inganda zishobora kongera ingufu ni ugushakisha uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zirenze urugero zituruka ku masoko ashobora kuvugururwa nk’umuyaga n’izuba. Ariko ubu, abahanga bakoze ubushakashatsi butangaje bushobora guhindura byose.

Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Californiya, Berkeley bakoze uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu zishobora kongera impinduka mu nganda. Iterambere ririmo gukoresha ubwoko bwa molekile yitwa "photoswitch," ishobora kwinjiza urumuri rw'izuba no kubika ingufu zayo kugeza bikenewe.

Molekile ya photoswitch igizwe nibice bibiri: ikintu gikurura urumuri hamwe nububiko. Iyo ihuye nizuba, molekile ikurura ingufu ikabika muburyo butajegajega. Iyo ingufu zabitswe zikenewe, molekile zirashobora gukururwa kugirango zirekure ingufu muburyo bwubushyuhe cyangwa urumuri.

Ibishobora gukoreshwa kuriyi ntambwe ni nini. Kurugero, irashobora kwemerera amasoko yingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nkizuba nizuba ryumuyaga gukoreshwa neza, nubwo izuba ritaka cyangwa umuyaga utaba uhuha. Irashobora kandi gutuma bishoboka kubika ingufu zirenze zabyaye mugihe gikenewe cyane hanyuma ikayirekura mugihe cyibisabwa cyane, bikagabanya ibikenerwa n’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli zihenze kandi zangiza ibidukikije.

Abashakashatsi bari inyuma yiyi ntambwe bishimiye ingaruka zishobora kugira ku nganda zingufu. Umwe mu bashakashatsi bakomeye, Porofeseri Omar Yaghi yagize ati: "Uyu ashobora guhindura umukino." Ati: “Irashobora gutuma ingufu zisubirwamo zikoreshwa cyane kandi zikoresha amafaranga menshi, kandi zikadufasha kugana ejo hazaza heza.”

Nibyo, haracyari byinshi byo gukora mbere yuko ikoranabuhanga rishyirwa mubikorwa. Kuri ubu abashakashatsi barimo gukora ibishoboka ngo bongere imikorere ya molekile ya fotositch, ndetse no gushakisha uburyo bwo kongera umusaruro. Ariko nibabigeraho, iyi ishobora kuba impinduka ikomeye mukurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no guhinduka kwacu tugana ejo hazaza heza.

Mu gusoza, iterambere rya molekile ya photoswitch ryerekana intambwe ikomeye mu nganda zingufu. Mugutanga uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu zishobora kubaho, iri koranabuhanga rishobora kudufasha kuva mu kwishingikiriza ku bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima ndetse no mu gihe kizaza kirambye. Mugihe haracyari byinshi byo gukora, iyi ntambwe nintambwe ishimishije mugushakisha ingufu zisukuye, icyatsi kibisi.