Amakuru

Raporo y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu Zisubiramo (IRENA) ivuga ko bateri za sodium-ion (SIBs) zishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kugabanya ikiguzi butanga icyizere kuruta bateri za lithium-ion (LIBs).

"Ikigo"Bateri za Sodium-Ion: Incamake y'ikoranabuhangaRaporo ivuga ko urubanza rwa SIB rwatangiye kumenyekana mu 2021, ubwo ibiciro bya lithium karubone byatangiraga kwiyongera cyane, ariko kubera ko ibiciro bya lithium byagabanutse, birakomeje kugaragara niba SIBs zizaba amahitamo ahendutse kuruta LIBs mu gihe kirekire.

Ariko, raporo yongeraho ko SIB zishobora kugumana amahirwe yo guhangana kurusha LIB, aho bamwe mu bakora bateganya ko ikiguzi cy'uturemangingo twa SIB kizagabanuka kikagera ku $40/kWh igihe umusaruro uzaba warazamutse.

SIB zifite amahirwe menshi kurusha LIB bitewe n’ubwinshi n’ubushobozi bwa sodium, ibikoresho bihendutse cyane kurusha lithium. IRENA ivuga ko igiciro cya sodium karubone hagati ya 2020 na 2024 cyari hagati ya $100 kuri toni na $500 kuri toni, mu gihe igiciro cya lithium karubone mu gihe nk’icyo cyari hagati ya $6,000 kuri toni na $83,000 kuri toni.

Sodiyumu nayo ikubye inshuro 1.000 ugereranyije na lithiyumu iri mu butaka bw'Isi ndetse ikaba ikubye inshuro 60.000 mu nyanja, bigatuma IRENA ivuga ko SIB zishobora gufasha kugabanya umuvuduko w'ibicuruzwa no gukwirakwiza bateri zitandukanye, cyane cyane mu gihe imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ziyongera, biteganijwe ko zizatwara 90% by'ubwikorezi mu muhanda mu 2050.

Ikigo cyanavuze ko SIB zishobora gukoresha ibikoresho bihendutse mu bwubatsi bwazo, nk'ibikoresho bya cathode bihendutse nka manganese na fer, no gukoresha ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu aho gukoresha iby'umuringa muri LIB.

Raporo yongeraho ko SIB zifite inyungu yo kugabanya ikiguzi kiri hejuru kurusha LIB bitewe n’uko ikoranabuhanga rikiri mu cyiciro cyaryo cyo hasi kugeza ubu. Biteganijwe ko ubushobozi bwo gukora SIB bugera kuri 70 GWh muri uyu mwaka, ahanini buganje mu Bushinwa kandi bwiganjemo imiti ikoreshwa mu byuma bya okiside cathode.

Nubwo ubushobozi bw'umusaruro bwitezweho kwiyongera bukagera kuri 400 GWh buri mwaka mu mpera z'iki kinyejana, IRENA igaragaza ko hakiri ibitagenda neza ku bijyanye no kwinjira kw'ingufu za SIB ku isoko mu gihe kizaza, aho ibiteganijwe ko bizava mu isoko bitandukanye hagati ya 50 GWh na 600 GWh buri mwaka mu mpera z'iki cyumweru.

Uretse imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, IRENA ivuga ko hari amahirwe menshi kuri SIB mu kubika ingufu zitarahagarara kandi nini kuko zitanga umutekano mwiza, imikorere myiza mu bushyuhe butandukanye no mu gihe cy'irushanwa. SIB zishobora kandi kugira uruhare runini cyane mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe buke n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bitewe n'umutekano, aho zishobora kurusha LIB.

IRENA yongeraho ko nubwo amahirwe yo kubona SIB ari menshi, gutanga ubushobozi mu gihe kizaza ntibirasobanuka neza, hamwe n'imbogamizi zijyanye no kwemeza ko hakenewe serivisi zihagije ndetse n'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bikomeye. Ikigo gishimangira kandi ko SIB zitagomba gufatwa nk'insimbura burundu LIB, ahubwo ko ari ikoranabuhanga ryuzuzanya rishobora gufasha mu koroshya zimwe mu mpungenge zirambye n'iziboneka ku bijyanye n'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bya bateri.

Raporo isoza igira iti: “Intsinzi y’igihe kirekire ya SIBs ishobora guterwa n’ibintu byinshi, harimo ikiguzi n’uburyo ibikoresho bihari.” “Ingorane mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa bya lithium, ibura rya lithium cyangwa ibiciro bya lithium byinshi byose bishobora gutuma SIBs zinjira cyane, mu gihe kugabanuka kw’ibiciro bya LIBs bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku busabe bwa SIBs.”