Inzira yo kutabogama kwa Carbone: Uburyo amasosiyete na guverinoma bakora kugirango bagabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere

Kutabogama kwa karubone, cyangwa net-zero zangiza, nigitekerezo cyo kugera ku buringanire hagati yubunini bwa dioxyde de carbone isohoka mu kirere n’amafaranga yavanywemo. Iyi mpirimbanyi irashobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no gushora imari mu gukuraho karubone cyangwa ingamba zo kuzimya. Kugera ku kutabogama kwa karubone byabaye ikintu cy’ibanze kuri guverinoma n’ubucuruzi ku isi, kuko bashaka gukemura ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

Imwe mu ngamba zingenzi zikoreshwa mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni iyemezwa ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Imirasire y'izuba, umuyaga, n'amashanyarazi byose ni isoko y'ingufu zitanduye zitanga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibihugu byinshi byihaye intego zikomeye zo kongera umugabane w’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu kuvanga ingufu muri rusange, aho bimwe bigamije kugera ku 100% by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu 2050.

Iyindi ngamba ikoreshwa ni ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo gufata no kubika (CCS). CCS ikubiyemo gufata imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikomoka ku mashanyarazi cyangwa mu bindi nganda no kuyibika mu nsi cyangwa mu bindi bigo bimara igihe kirekire. Mu gihe CCS ikiri mu ntangiriro y’iterambere, ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka kuri zimwe mu nganda zangiza cyane.

 Usibye ibisubizo by'ikoranabuhanga, hari n'ingamba nyinshi za politiki zishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Harimo uburyo bwo kugena ibiciro bya karubone, nkimisoro ya karubone cyangwa cap-na sisitemu yubucuruzi, ibyo bikaba bitera inkunga y'amafaranga ibigo bigabanya ibyuka byangiza. Guverinoma zirashobora kandi gushyiraho intego zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no gutanga inkunga ku masosiyete ashora ingufu mu ngufu zisukuye cyangwa agabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Ariko, hariho n'ingorane zikomeye zigomba kuneshwa mugushakisha kutabogama kwa karubone. Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye nigiciro kinini cya tekinoroji yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Mu gihe ibiciro byagabanutse vuba mu myaka yashize, ibihugu byinshi n’ubucuruzi biracyagorana gutsindishiriza ishoramari ryambere risabwa kugira ngo rihindure amasoko y’ingufu zishobora kubaho.

Indi mbogamizi ni ugukenera ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ni ikibazo cyisi yose isaba guhuza isi yose. Icyakora, ibihugu byinshi ntibyigeze bifata ingamba, haba kubera kubura amikoro yo gushora ingufu mu isuku cyangwa kubera ko bihangayikishijwe n'ingaruka ku bukungu bwabo.

Nubwo hari ibibazo, hariho impamvu nyinshi zo kwiringira ejo hazaza hatabogamye. Guverinoma n’ubucuruzi ku isi bigenda birushaho kumenya ko ikibazo cy’ikirere cyihutirwa kandi bafata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rituma amasoko y’ingufu zishobora kongerwa kandi ahendutse kuruta mbere hose.

Mu gusoza, kugera kuri kutabogama kwa karubone nintego ikomeye ariko igerwaho. Bizakenera guhuza udushya twikoranabuhanga, ingamba za politiki, nubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Ariko, niba tunaniwe mubikorwa byacu byo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, turashobora gushiraho ejo hazaza heza kuri twe no kubisekuruza bizaza.