Inzira yo kutabogama karuboni: Uburyo ibigo na guverinoma birimo gukora imyuka

Kutabogama kwa karubone, cyangwa injiji ya net-zeru, nigitekerezo cyo kugera kuringaniza hagati yumubare wa dioxyde de carbone yashyizwe mu kirere n'amafaranga yavanyweho. Iyi mpirimbanyi irashobora kugerwaho binyuze muburyo bwo kugabanya ibyuka no gushora imari muri karubone cyangwa gukuraho ingamba. Kugera ku kutabogama karuboni byabaye icyambere kuri guverinoma n'ubucuruzi ku isi, kuko bashaka kubwira imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

Imwe mu ngamba zingenzi zikoreshwa kugirango zigabanye ibyuka bya gaze ya parefe nuburyo bwo kwemeza amasoko ashobora kongerwa. Imirasire, umuyaga, na hydropowes ni isoko yingufu zisukuye idatanga ibyuka bya gare. Ibihugu byinshi byashizeho intego zikomeye zo kongera umugabane w'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa mu mbaraga zivanga muri rusange, hamwe na zimwe zigamije kugera ku mbaraga 100% zirashobora kongerwa muri 2050.

Izindi ngamba zikoreshwa ni ugukoresha karubone no kubika (CCS) ikoranabuhanga. CCS ikubiyemo imyuka ya karubon dioxyde iva mubihingwa byingufu cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo gutunganya no kubikamo munsi yubutaka cyangwa mubindi bikorwa byo kubika igihe kirekire. Mugihe CCS ikiri mubyiciro byayo byambere, bifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ibyuka byifashe nabi na Greenhouse kuri zimwe munganda zanduye.

 Usibye ibisubizo byikoranabuhanga, hariho ingamba zitari nke za politiki zishobora gufasha kugabanya imyuka. Ibi birimo uburyo bwibiciro bya karubone, nka imisoro ya karubone cyangwa sisitemu-na-ubucuruzi, bitera inkunga amafranga yamafaranga kugirango agabanye ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Guverinoma zirashobora kandi gushyiraho ibitero byo kumwanda no gutanga ibigo bishora imari mu ingufu zisukuye cyangwa kugabanya imyuka yabo.

Ariko, hariho nibibazo bikomeye bigomba kuneshwa mugushakisha kutabogama karubone. Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye nigiciro kinini cyikoranabuhanga ryingufu nyinshi zishobora kuvugurura. Mugihe ibiciro byaguye vuba mumyaka yashize, ibihugu byinshi nubucuruzi biracyagora gutsindishiriza ishoramari ryambere risabwa kugirango uhindure amasoko yongerwa.

Indi mbogamizi ni ngombwa ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Imihindagurikire y'ibihe ni ikibazo cyisi yose gisaba igisubizo cyisi yose. Ariko, ibihugu byinshi byanze gufata ingamba, haba kubera ko babuze umutungo wo gushora imari mu ingufu zisukuye cyangwa kubera ko bahangayikishijwe n'ingaruka ku bukungu bwabo.

Nubwo hari ibibazo, hariho impamvu nyinshi zo kwiringira ejo hazaza h'ibitabo bya karubone. Guverinoma n'ubucuruzi ku isi biragenda birushaho kumenya ko ikibazo cyihutirwa kandi gifata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyuka. Byongeye kandi, gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga ni ugukora amasoko ashobora kongerwa cyane kandi agerwaho kuruta mbere hose.

Mu gusoza, kugera ku kutabogama karuboni ni intego irarikira ariko igerwaho. Bizakenera guhuza udushya, ingamba za politiki, nubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Ariko, niba dutsinze imbaraga zacu zo kugabanya ibyuka bya gare bya gare, dushobora gukora ejo hazaza harambye kuri twe no kubisekuruza bizaza.