NikiINdustrial naCemfmenticEnergySgutora kandiCommonBGusibaMOdels

I. Kubika ingufu hamwe nubucuruzi

"Ububiko bw'inganda n'ubucuruzi" bivuga uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bukoreshwa mu nganda cyangwa mu bucuruzi.

Ukurikije uko abakoresha imperuka, ububiko bwingufu burashobora gushyirwa murwego-kuruhande, impongo, hamwe nububiko bwingufu. Ububiko-bwimbaraga hamwe na grid-kuruhande bizwi kandi nka meter yububiko bwa meter cyangwa ububiko bwinshi, mugihe ububiko bwingufu bwumukoresha buvugwa ko bivugwa ko ari metero yingufu nyuma ya metero. Ububiko bwingufu bwumukoresha burashobora gukomeza kugabanywa munganda no kubika ingufu no kubika urugo. Muri rusange, ububiko bwingufu nubucuruzi bugwa munsi yububiko bwingufu bwumukoresha, kugaburira ibikoresho byinganda cyangwa byubucuruzi. Industrial and commercial energy storage finds applications in various settings, including industrial parks, commercial centers, data centers, communication base stations, administrative buildings, hospitals, schools, and residential buildings.

Duhereye ku buryo bwa tekiniki, ubwubatsi bwo kubika ingufu n'inganda n'ubucuruzi burashobora gushyirwa mu bwoko bubiri: sisitemu ya DC-Couple na Sisitemu ya AC. Sisitemu ya DC-Guhuza Ububiko Bwinjijwemo Poplavoltaic, igizwe nibice bitandukanye bya sisitemu yo gushushanya nabashinzwe kugenzura ibisekuru (cyane cyane ibisekuru bya sisitemu (cyane cyane. "PCs"), bateri sisitemu yo gucunga ("bms"), kugera ku kwishyira hamwe kwa Amashanyarazi ya PhotoVoltaic usetsa nububiko), sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu ("ems sisitemu"), nibindi.

Ihame ryibikorwa remezo ririmo kwishyuza amapaki ya bateri hamwe na DC Power yakozwe na module ya Photoveluic binyuze muri module binyuze muri PhotoVoltaic. Byongeye kandi, agaciro kc kuri gride irashobora guhinduka mububasha bwa DC binyuze muri PC kugirango yishyure bateri. Iyo habaye icyifuzo cyamashanyarazi kumutwaro, bateri irekura ikigezweho, hamwe no gukusanya ingufu ziba kuri bateri. Ku rundi ruhande, sisitemu yo guhuza ac-coupses igizwe na sisitemu y'ibisekuru by'igisekuru (cyane cyane ibishushanyo mbonera by'ibidukikije. Sisitemu, nibindi

Ihame ryibanze rikorwa rikubiyemo guhindura imbaraga za DC zatanzwe na module ya Photovoltaic mu mbaraga za AC binyuze muri grid-ihujwe na grid-ihujwe na gride cyangwa imitwaro y'amashanyarazi. Ubundi, irashobora guhinduka mububasha bwa DC binyuze muri PC hanyuma yishyurwa kumapaki. Kuri iki cyiciro, icyegeranyo cyingufu kiri kumuhinduka urangiye. Imikino ya DC irazwi kubiciro byibiciro no guhinduka, bikwiranye na scenarios aho abakoresha batwara amashanyarazi mugihe cyamanywa. Kurundi ruhande, sisitemu ya AC irangwa namafaranga yo hejuru no guhinduka, nibyiza kubijyanye na sisitemu yo gufotoza asanzwe akoreshwa cyangwa aho abakoresha bakoresha amashanyarazi kumanywa na nijoro.

Muri rusange, ubwubatsi bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu na ubucuruzi burashobora gukora byigenga kuva kuri gride nkuru kandi ikora microgrid kumashanyarazi ya PhotoVoltaic asetsa no kubika bateri.

II. Imbibi

Ubushikarizwa bwa Peak nicyitegererezo gikunze gukoreshwa mububiko bwingufu nubucuruzi, birimo kwishyuza kuri gride kumashanyarazi no kurangiza ibiciro byamashanyarazi menshi.

Gufata Ubushinwa nkurugero, imirenge yacyo ninganda nubucuruzi mubisanzwe bishyira mubikorwa igihe - ikoreshwa rya politiki y'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi hamwe na politiki y'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi. Urugero, mu karere ka Shanghai, iterambere ry'iterambere rya Shanghai na komisiyo ishinzwe ivugurura ryasohoye kurushaho kuzamura igihe - gukoresha uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu mujyi (2022] No 50). Dukurikije itangazo:

Kubikorwa rusange nibikorwa byubucuruzi, kimwe nibindi bibiri hamwe nibindi bikoresho bibiri byamashanyarazi, igihe cyizuba giva 19h00 kugeza 21h00 kugeza 14h00 kugeza 14: 00 Mu ci (Nyakanga na Kanama).

Mu gihe cy'impinja mu ci (Nyakanga, Kanama) n'itumba (Mutarama, Ukuboza), ibiciro by'amashanyarazi bizazamuka na 80% bishingiye ku giciro kiringaniye. Ibinyuranye, mugihe gito, ibiciro byamashanyarazi bizagabanuka kuri 60% bishingiye ku giciro kiringaniye. Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo kuringaniza, ibiciro byamashanyarazi biziyongera na 25% ukurikije igiciro cyinshi.

Mu yandi mezi mugihe cyo kwipimisha, ibiciro byamashanyarazi biziyongera kugeza 60% bishingiye ku giciro kiringaniye, mugihe mugihe gito, ibiciro bizagabanuka kuri 50% bishingiye ku giciro kiringaniye.

Kunganda rusange, ubucuruzi, hamwe nandi mashanyarazi ya sisitemu, amasaha yo hejuru gusa atandukanijwe nta yandi mananiza y'amasaha y'impimbano. Mu gihe cy'impinja mu ci (Nyakanga, Kanama) n'itumba (Mutarama, Ukuboza), mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi kizagabanuka ku giciro kiri hasi, mu gihe cyo hasi, ibiciro bishingiye ku giciro cya 45%. Mu yandi mezi mugihe cyamasaha ya peak, ibiciro byamashanyarazi biziyongera na 17% bishingiye ku giciro kiringaniye, mugihe mugihe gito, ibiciro bizagabanuka na 45% ukurikije igiciro kiringaniye.

Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu n'inganda no mu bucuruzi bukoresha ibiciro mugura amashanyarazi make mu masaha make no kuyitanga ku mutwaro mugihe cyo kwikorera cyangwa amashanyarazi menshi. Iyi myitozo ifasha kugabanya amafaranga yamashanyarazi.

Iii. Imbaraga Igihe cyahindutse

"Ingufu zigihe cyo guhinduranya" zirimo guhindura igihe cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi binyuze mububiko bwingufu kugirango byoroshye kumeneka no kuzuza ibihe bike. Mugihe ukoreshe ibikoresho nkibisekuru nkibisekuruza bya Photovoltaic, bidahuye hagati yigisekuru hamwe numurongo wo gukoresha umutwaro urashobora kuganisha ku miterere aho abakoresha bagurisha amashanyarazi cyangwa kugura amashanyarazi kuri gride ku giciro cyinshi.

Kugira ngo akemure ibi, abakoresha barashobora kwishyuza bateri mugihe cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi make no gusohora ibikwaga mumashanyarazi mugihe cyo kunywa. Izi ngamba zigamije kumara inyungu zubukungu no kugabanya ibyuka bya karubone. Byongeye kandi, kuzigama umuyaga mwinshi nizuba ryizuba uhereye kumasoko yongerwa kugirango ukoreshe nyuma mugihe cyigihe cyo gusaba no gufatwa nkimyitozo yingufu.

Ingufu zigihe ntabwo zifite ibintu bifatika biregwa no kwishyuza gahunda, hamwe nibipimo byamashanyarazi kubikorwa byoroshye, bituma bigira igisubizo kidasanzwe gifite gahunda ndende yo gusaba.

IV.Moderi isanzwe yubucuruzi bwo kubika inganda nubucuruzi

1.IngingoInyene

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ishingiro ryingufu zinganda nubucuruzi riri mu gukoresha ibikoresho na serivisi zibitswe byingufu, kandi tubona inyungu zo kubika ingufu binyuze mu mbaraga n'ubutabazi. No hirya no hino, abitabiriye amahugurwa arimo ibikoresho utanga ibikoresho, utanga serivisi zishinzwe ingufu, ibirori byo gukodesha, amashyaka yubukode, numukoresha:

2.BisanzweBGusibaMOdels

Kugeza ubu, haribintu bine bisanzwe mubucuruzi bwinganda nubucuruzi, aribyo "umukoresha wishoramari" ukodesha "," imicungire yubukode bwuzuye ", kandi" Amasezerano yo gucunga ingufu " icyitegererezo. Twavuze muri make ibi bikurikira:

(1)Use Iinshingano

Munsi yumukoresha wishoramari yishoramari, umukoresha yaguze kandi ashyiraho uburyo bwo kubika ingufu kuboherereza kugirango bishimire inyungu zo kubika ingufu, cyane cyane binyuze muburakari bwa peak. Muri ubu buryo, nubwo umukoresha ashobora kugabanya mu buryo butaziguye kogosha no kwiyongera no kuzura, kandi bikagabanye ibiciro byamashanyarazi, baracyakeneye kwikorera ikiguzi cyambere gushora imari na buri munsi ibikorwa byo gukora no gukorana na buri munsi. Igishushanyo mbonera cyubucuruzi ni ku buryo bukurikira:

(2) kweraLKorohereza

Muburyo bwo gukodesha ubukode, umukoresha ntabwo akeneye kugura ibikoresho bibibikwa wenyine. Bakeneye gusa gukodesha ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu kubikoresho batanga ibikoresho no kwishyura amafaranga ahuye. Utanga ibikoresho atanga kubaka, ibikorwa byo gukora no kubungabunga umukoresha, hamwe nububiko bwingufu bwakozwe muri ibi bishimishwa numukoresha. Igishushanyo mbonera cyubucuruzi ni ku buryo bukurikira:

(3) Amasezerano Gucunga Ingufu

Munsi yingufu zo gucunga ingufu, utanga serivise yingufu zishora mubikorwa byo kugura ingufu kandi bikabaha abakoresha muburyo bwa serivisi zingufu. Utanga ingufu kandi uyikoresha asangira inyungu zububiko bwingufu muburyo bwumvikanyweho (harimo no kugabana inyungu, ibiciro byamashanyarazi, nibindi, ukoresheje sisitemu yububiko bwingufu kugirango ubike ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu kibaya cyangwa igiciro gito cy'amashanyarazi ibihe, hanyuma bigatanga imbaraga kumutwaro wumukoresha mugihe cyo gufunga amashanyarazi. Umukoresha nuwatanga serivise ingufu noneho ugabane inyungu zo kubika ingufu muburyo bwumvikanyweho. Ugereranije numukoresha wenyine icyitegererezo cyishoramari, iyi moderi itangiza abatanga ingufu zingufu zitanga serivisi zo kubika ingufu zijyanye. Abatanga ingufu batanga ingufu bagira uruhare rw'abashoramari mu rwego rwo gucunga ingufu z'ingufu, ku buryo runaka rugabanya igitutu cy'ishoramari ku bakoresha. Igishushanyo mbonera cyubucuruzi ni ku buryo bukurikira:

(4) Amasezerano yo gucunga ingufu + Gukodesha Gukodesha

Icyitegererezo cyingufu za "Amasezerano Gucunga Ingufu" bivuga intangiriro yishyaka ryimari nkumuto rusange wibikoresho byingufu hamwe na / cyangwa serivisi zingufu mubikoresho byo gucunga ingufu. Ugereranije n'imicungire y'ingufu zo gucunga ingufu, gukodesha amashyaka yo gukodesha mu rwego rwo kugura cyane igitutu cy'abatanga ingufu ku batanga ingufu mu batanga ingufu, bityo bibashoboza kwibanda cyane ku masezerano yo gucunga ingufu.

Uburyo bwo gucunga ingufu "gukodesha ingufu z'amafaranga" moderi iragoye kandi ifite moderi nyinshi. Kurugero, icyitegererezo kimwe gisanzwe nuko utanga serivise yingufu abona ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu mu bikoresho, hanyuma ishyaka ryubukode bwimari rihitamo kandi rigura ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu ukurikije amasezerano yabitswe hamwe numukoresha umukoresha.

Mugihe cyo gukodesha, gutunga ibikoresho bibikwa ingufu ni mubirori byo gukodesha, kandi umukoresha afite uburenganzira bwo kubikoresha. Nyuma yo kurangira igihe cyo gukodesha, umukoresha arashobora kubona nyirubwite ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu. Utanga ingufu ahanini atanga ububiko bwibikoresho byo kubaka ingufu, ibikorwa byo kubungabunga abakoresha, kandi birashobora kubona ibitekerezo bihuye nibirori byo gukodesha kugurisha ibikoresho nibikorwa. Igishushanyo mbonera cyubucuruzi ni ku buryo bukurikira:

Bitandukanye nimbuto yimbuto yabanjirije, kurundi rugero rwimbuto, ibirori byamafaranga bishora mu buryo butaziguye mu buryo butaziguye mu itangazo Serivisi ishinzwe ingufu, aho kuba umukoresha. By'umwihariko, ishyaka ryamafaranga rikodesha kandi rigura ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu nkurikije amasezerano agenga ingufu, no gukodesha ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu kubatanga ingufu.

Utanga serivise yingufu arashobora gukoresha ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu kugirango ahe abakoresha ingufu kubakoresha mubyemeranijwe, hanyuma bwishyure ibirori byo gukodesha hamwe nigice cyinyungu. Nyuma yuko igihe cyo gukodesha kirangiye, utanga serivise yingufu abona nyirubwite bwo kubika ingufu. Igishushanyo mbonera cyubucuruzi ni ku buryo bukurikira:

V. Amasezerano rusange y'ubucuruzi

Mu cyitegererezo cyaganiriweho, protocole yibanze hamwe nibijyanye nayo byerekanwe nkibi bikurikira:

1.Amasezerano yubufatanye:

Inzego zirashobora kwinjira mu masezerano y'ubufatanye kugira ngo ushireho urwego rw'ubufatanye. Kurugero, murwego rwo gucunga ibyemezo byingufu, utanga serivise yingufu arashobora gushyira umukono ku masezerano nkayatanga ibikoresho, agaragaza inshingano nkubwubatsi nububiko bwibibi.

2.Amasezerano yo gucunga ingufu kububiko bwingufu:

Aya masezerano mubisanzwe areba icyitegererezo cyo gucunga ingufu hamwe n "" imiyoborere yingufu zingufu zo gukodesha ". Harimo gutanga serivisi zo gucunga ingufu nuwatanga ingufu zitanga ingufu kubakoresha, hamwe ninyungu zijyanye no guhuza umukoresha. Inshingano zirimo ubwishyu kumukoresha nubufatanye bwiterambere ryumushinga, mugihe utanga serivise ya serivise yingufu, kubaka, no gukora.

3.Amasezerano yo kugurisha ibikoresho:

Usibye moderi yubukode, ibikoresho byo kugurisha ibikoresho bifite akamaro muburyo bwose bwo kubika ingufu zubucuruzi. Kurugero, mubakoresha icyitegererezo cyo kwishoramari, amasezerano akorwa hamwe nibikoresho byo kugura no kwishyiriraho ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu. Ubwishingizi bwujuje ubuziranenge, kubahiriza amahame, na nyuma ya nyuma yo kugurisha nibitekerezo byingenzi.

4.Amasezerano ya serivisi ya tekiniki:

Aya masezerano asanzwe asinywa hamwe nibikoresho utanga ibikoresho kugirango utange serivisi za tekiniki nkibishushanyo mbonera, kwishyiriraho, imikorere, no kubungabunga. Ibisabwa na serivisi no kubahiriza amahame nibyingenzi bigomba gukemurwa mumasezerano ya tekiniki.

5.Amasezerano yo gukodesha ibikoresho:

Muri scenarios ahatanga ibikoresho bagumana gutunga ibikoresho byingufu, amasezerano yo gukodesha ibikoresho yashyizweho umukono hagati yabakoresha nabatanga. Aya masezerano yerekana inshingano zabakoresha kugirango akomeze kandi akemure ibikorwa bisanzwe byibikoresho.

6.Amasezerano yo Gukodesha Gukodesha:

Mu gitabo cy '"Amasezerano Gucunga Ingufu" Gukodesha Amatungo ", amasezerano yo gukodesha amafaranga asanzwe ashyirwaho hagati y'abakoresha cyangwa abatanga ingufu n'abatanga ingufu. Aya masezerano agenga kugura no gutanga ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, uburenganzira bwo gutunga mugihe na nyuma yo gukodesha, hamwe nibitekerezo byo guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiranye nabakoresha ingufu cyangwa abatanga ingufu.

VI. Ingamba zidasanzwe kubatanga ingufu

Abatanga ingufu batanga uruhare runini mumurongo wo kugera kubijyanye no kugera kunganda hamwe no kubona inyungu zo kubika ingufu. Kubatanga ingufu, hari urukurikirane rwibibazo byihariye mububiko bwingufu nubucuruzi, nko kwitegura umushinga, gutera inkunga umushinga, amasoko yo mu kigo no gushiraho. Dutondekanya muri make ibyo bibazo bikurikira: