I-EU Shifts Gxininisa kwi-US LNG njengoNciphiso lokuthengwa kweGesi yaseRashiya

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iManyano yaseYurophu ibisebenzela ukwahlula imithombo yamandla yayo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwayo kwirhasi yaseRussia. Olu tshintsho kwisicwangciso luqhutywe liqela lezinto, kubandakanywa iinkxalabo malunga noxinzelelo lwe-geopolitical kunye nomnqweno wokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Njengenxalenye yale nzame, i-EU isiya iguqukela e-United States kwi-liquefied natural gas (LNG).

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-LNG kuye kwakhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yamuva nje, njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwenze ukuba kube lula kwaye kungabizi kakhulu ukuthutha igesi kumgama omde. I-LNG yigesi yendalo epholileyo kwi-liquid state, enciphisa umthamo wayo ngomlinganiselo we-600. Oku kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthutha nokugcina, njengoko inokuthunyelwa kwiinqwelo ezinkulu kwaye igcinwe kwiitanki ezincinci.

Olunye uncedo oluphambili lwe-LNG kukuba inokuthathwa kwiindawo ngeendawo. Ngokungafaniyo nerhasi yombhobho yesiqhelo, ethintelwa yijografi, i-LNG inokuveliswa naphina kwaye ithunyelwe kuyo nayiphi na indawo enezibuko. Oku kuyenza ibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kumazwe afuna ukwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla awo.

KwiManyano yaseYurophu, ukutshintshela kwi-US LNG kuneziphumo ezibalulekileyo. Ngokwembali, iRussia ibingoyena mboneleli mkhulu we-EU werhasi yendalo, ebalelwa malunga ne-40% yazo zonke izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Noko ke, ukuxhalabela impembelelo yezobupolitika nezoqoqosho yaseRashiya kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni amazwe amaninzi e-EU afune eminye imithombo yegesi.

I-United States iye yavela njengomdlali ophambili kule marike, ngenxa yokubonelela kwayo ngegesi yendalo kunye nokukhula kwayo kwe-LNG yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngo-2020, i-US yayingumthengisi wesithathu ngobukhulu be-LNG kwi-EU, emva kweQatar kunye neRashiya kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, oku kulindeleke ukuba kutshintshe kwiminyaka ezayo njengoko ukuthunyelwa kwe-US kuyaqhubeka nokukhula.

Omnye wabaqhubi abaphambili bolu hlumo kukugqitywa kwezibonelelo ezintsha zokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-LNG e-US Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izibonelelo ezininzi ezitsha ziye zafika kwi-intanethi, kuquka i-terminal ye-Sabine Pass e-Louisiana kunye ne-terminal yase-Cove Point eMaryland. Ezi zixhobo zonyuse kakhulu umthamo we-US wokuthumela ngaphandle, okwenza kube lula kwiinkampani zaseMelika ukuba zithengise i-LNG kwiimarike zaphesheya. 

Enye into eqhuba utshintsho olusingise e-US LNG kukukhula kokhuphiswano lwamaxabiso erhasi yaseMelika. Enkosi kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yokomba, imveliso yerhasi yendalo e-US iye yanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ithoba amaxabiso kwaye yenza irhasi yaseMelika ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kubathengi baphesheya kweelwandle. Ngenxa yoko, amazwe amaninzi e-EU ngoku aphendukela kwi-US LNG njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwirhasi yaseRashiya ngelixa ekwafumana unikezelo oluthembekileyo lwamandla afikelelekayo.

Lilonke, utshintsho oluya e-US LNG lubonisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwimakethi yamandla ehlabathi. Njengoko amazwe amaninzi ebhenela kwi-LNG njengendlela yokwahluka kwemithombo yawo yamandla, imfuno yala mafutha kungenzeka ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula. Oku kuneempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kubo bobabini abavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi begesi yendalo, kunye noqoqosho olubanzi lwehlabathi.

Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa ukuthembela kweManyano yaseYurophu kwirhasi yaseRussia kusenokuba kuncipha, imfuno yayo yamandla athembekileyo nafikelelekayo ihleli isomelele njengakuqala. Ngokuguqukela kwi-US LNG, i-EU ithatha inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuguquleni unikezelo lwamandla kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inokufikelela kumthombo othembekileyo wamafutha kwiminyaka ezayo.