Iindaba

Iibhetri zeSodium-ion (iiSIB) zinokubonelela ngenye indlela ethembisayo yokunciphisa iindleko endaweni yeebhetri zeLithium-ion (iiLIB), ngokutsho kwengxelo evela kwi-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).

"I-arhente"Iibhetri zeSodium-Ion: Isishwankathelo setekhnolojiIngxelo ithi ityala le-SIB laqala ukuduma ngo-2021, xa amaxabiso e-lithium carbonate aqala ukunyuka kakhulu, kodwa njengoko amaxabiso e-lithium ehlile ukususela ngoko, kusafuneka kubonwe ukuba ii-SIB ziya kuba yindlela engabizi kakhulu kune-LIBs kwixesha elide.

Nangona kunjalo, ingxelo yongeza ukuba ii-SIB zisenokuhlala zinethuba lokukhuphisana ngaphezu kwee-LIB, abanye abavelisi belindele ukuba ixabiso lee-SIB cells lihle liye kwi-$40/kWh xa imveliso inyukile.

Ii-SIB zinethuba elingcono kunee-LIB ngenxa yobuninzi kunye nokufikeleleka kwe-sodium, into exabiso liphantsi kakhulu kune-lithium. I-IRENA ithi ixabiso le-sodium carbonate phakathi kowama-2020 nowama-2024 laliphakathi kwe-$100/tonne kunye ne-$500/tonne, ngelixa ixabiso le-lithium carbonate kwixesha elifanayo laliphakathi kwe-$6,000/tonne kunye ne-$83,000/tonne.

Isodiyam ikwangaphezulu ngokuphindwe kayi-1,000 kune-lithium ekwi-crust yoMhlaba kwaye ingaphezulu ngokuphindwe kayi-60,000 elwandle, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni i-IRENA ibonise ukuba ii-SIB zinokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwe-supply chain kunye nokutshintsha indawo yebhetri, ingakumbi phakathi kokukhula kokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane, okulindeleke ukuba kubangele i-90% yezothutho lwendlela ngo-2050.

I-arhente ikwacebise ukuba ii-SIB zingasebenzisa izixhobo ezingabizi kakhulu ekwakheni kwazo, njengezixhobo ze-cathode ezingabizi kakhulu ezifana ne-manganese kunye ne-iron, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziqokeleli ze-aluminium endaweni yezobhedu kwi-LIB.

Ingxelo yongeza ngelithi ii-SIB zikwanenzuzo yokuba nexabiso eliphezulu lokunciphisa iindleko kunee-LIB ngenxa yokuba ubuchwepheshe busekwinqanaba lokuqala ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Umthamo wemveliso yee-SIB kulindeleke ukuba ufikelele kwi-70 GWh kulo nyaka, ikakhulu eTshayina kwaye ulawulwa ziikhemikhali ze-metal oxide cathode.

Nangona amandla emveliso kulindeleke ukuba akhule aye kwi-400 GWh ngonyaka ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi, i-IRENA ithi kusekho ukungaqiniseki malunga nokungena kwe-SIBs kwimarike kwixesha elizayo, kunye noqikelelo lwemfuno oluvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo ukusuka kwi-50 GWh ukuya kwi-600 GWh ngonyaka ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi.

Ngaphandle kwezithuthi zombane, i-IRENA ithi kukho amathuba amakhulu ee-SIB kwiindawo zokugcina amandla ezizinzileyo nezinkulu njengoko zibonelela ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezithembisayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kumanqanaba obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye nobomi obukhuphisanayo. Ii-SIB zinokudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu ngenxa yokhuseleko, apho zinokuphumelela ngaphezu kwee-LIB.

I-IRENA yongeza ngelithi nangona amathuba e-SIBs emakhulu, ukusasazwa kwamandla kwixesha elizayo akucaci, kunye nemingeni enxulumene nokuqinisekisa imfuno eyaneleyo kunye nochungechunge lokubonelela oluqinileyo. Le arhente ikwagxininisa ukuba ii-SIBs akufuneki zibonwe njengeendawo ezipheleleyo ze-LIBs, kodwa endaweni yoko njengetekhnoloji encedisayo enokunceda ukunciphisa ezinye zeengxaki zozinzo kunye nokufumaneka kwezinto ezijikeleze uchungechunge lokubonelela ngebhetri.

“Impumelelo yexesha elide ye-SIBs isenokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka iindleko kunye nokufumaneka kwezinto,” iphetha ingxelo. “Iingxaki kwikhonkco lobonelelo lwe-lithium, ukunqongophala kwe-lithium okanye iindleko eziphezulu ze-lithium zonke zinokubangela amazinga aphezulu okungena kwe-SIBs, ngelixa ukuncitshiswa kweendleko ngakumbi kwi-LIBs kunokubangela impembelelo embi kwimfuno ye-SIBs.”