Indlela eya ekungathathi hlangothi kweCarbon: IiNkampani kunye nooRhulumente baSebenza njani ukuNciphisa iMishini

Ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, okanye ukukhutshwa kwe-net-zero, ngumbono wokufikelela kwibhalansi phakathi kwesixa sekharbon diokside ekhutshelwe kwi-atmosfera kunye nesixa esisusiweyo kuyo. Le bhalansi inokufezekiswa ngokuhlanganiswa kokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kunye nokutyalomali ekususweni kwekhabhoni okanye amanyathelo okunciphisa. Ukufezekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kuye kwaba yinto ephambili koorhulumente kunye namashishini emhlabeni jikelele, njengoko befuna ukujongana nesongelo esiphuthumayo sokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Esinye sezicwangciso-qhinga ezingundoqo ezisetyenziswayo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kukwamkelwa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ilanga, umoya, kunye nombane wamanzi zonke ziyimithombo yamandla acocekileyo angavelisi kukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse. Amazwe amaninzi azibekele iinjongo ezinqwenelekayo zokwandisa isabelo samandla ahlaziyekayo kumxube wawo wonke wamandla, amanye ajonge ukufikelela kwi-100% yamandla ahlaziyekayo ngo-2050.

Esinye isicwangciso esisetyenziswayo kukusetyenziswa kwe-carbon capture and storage (CCS) iteknoloji. I-CCS ibandakanya ukubamba ukukhutshwa kwekharbon dioksidi kwimizi-mveliso yamandla okanye kwezinye iindawo zoshishino kunye nokuzigcina phantsi komhlaba okanye kwezinye iindawo zokugcina ixesha elide. Ngelixa i-CCS isekwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, inamandla okunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse evela kwamanye amashishini angcolisa kakhulu.

 Ukongeza kwizisombululo zobuchwepheshe, kukwakho nenani lamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo anokunceda ukunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo. Ezi ziquka iindlela zexabiso lekhabhoni, ezifana neerhafu zekhabhoni okanye iinkqubo ze-cap-and-trade, ezenza inkuthazo yemali kwiinkampani ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwazo. Oorhulumente nabo banokubeka iithagethi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kwaye banike inkuthazo kwiinkampani ezenza umbane ococekileyo okanye ezinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwazo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho imingeni ebalulekileyo ekufuneka yoyisiwe kwiphulo lokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu lixabiso eliphezulu leteknoloji eninzi yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngelixa iindleko zisehla ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe amaninzi kunye namashishini asakufumana kunzima ukuthethelela utyalo-mali lwangaphambili olufunekayo ukutshintshela kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo.

Omnye umngeni yimfuneko yentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yingxaki yehlabathi efuna impendulo elungelelanisiweyo yehlabathi. Noko ke, amazwe amaninzi ebemadolw’ anzima ukuthabatha amanyathelo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba eswele ubuncwane bokutyala umbane ococekileyo okanye ngenxa yokuba exhalabele impembelelo kuqoqosho lwawo.

Nangona le mingeni, kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba nethemba ngekamva lokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Oorhulumente kunye namashishini kwihlabathi liphela baya bekuqonda ngakumbi ukungxamiseka kwengxaki yemozulu kwaye bathatha inyathelo lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Ukongeza, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yenza ukuba imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo ifikeleleke kwaye ifikeleleke kunangaphambili.

Ukuqukumbela, ukufezekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kuyinjongo enqwenelekayo kodwa enokufezekiswa. Kuya kufuna indibaniselwano yokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, amanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba siyaphumelela kwiinzame zethu zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, sinokudala ikamva elizinzileyo lethu kunye nezizukulwana ezizayo.