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I. UGcino lwaMandla oShishino kunye noRhwebo

"Ugcino lwamandla oshishino kunye norhwebo" lubhekiselele kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso okanye izibonelelo zorhwebo.

Ngokombono wabasebenzisi bokugqibela, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunokwahlulwa ngokwecandelo lamandla, kwicala legridi, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla omsebenzisi. Icala lamandla kunye negridi-icala lokugcinwa kwamandla likwabizwa ngokuba yi-pre-meter yamandla okugcina okanye ukugcinwa kwezinto ezininzi, ngelixa ukugcinwa kwamandla kumsebenzisi kubizwa ngokuba yi-post-meter energy storage. Ugcino lwamandla olukwicala lomsebenzisi lunokwahlulwa kwakhona lube yimizi-mveliso kunye nogcino lwamandla orhwebo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla endlu. Ngokwenene, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwimizi-mveliso kunye nezorhwebo kuwela phantsi kokugcinwa kwamandla ecala lomsebenzisi, ukutya kwiindawo zoshishino okanye zorhwebo. Ukugcinwa kwamandla oshishino kunye nezorhwebo zifumana izicelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iipaki zoshishino, amaziko orhwebo, amaziko edatha, izikhululo zonxibelelwano, izakhiwo zolawulo, izibhedlele, izikolo kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala.

Ukususela kumbono wobugcisa, ukwakhiwa kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezoshishino kunye nezorhwebo zingahlelwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ze-DC kunye neenkqubo ezidibeneyo ze-AC. Iinkqubo zokudityaniswa kwe-DC ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezidibeneyo zokugcina i-photovoltaic, ezibandakanya amacandelo ahlukeneyo afana neenkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic (ikakhulukazi iquka iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic kunye nabalawuli), iinkqubo zokugcina amandla okugcina amandla (ikakhulukazi kubandakanywa iipakethi zebhetri, iziguquli ze-bidirectional ("PCS"), ibhetri iinkqubo zolawulo ("BMS"), ukufezekisa ukuhlanganiswa kokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye nokugcinwa), iinkqubo zokulawula amandla ("iinkqubo ze-EMS"), njl.

Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza ubandakanya ukutshaja ngokuthe ngqo kweepakethi zebhetri kunye namandla e-DC aveliswa ziimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ngokusebenzisa abalawuli be-photovoltaic. Ukongeza, amandla e-AC asuka kwigridi anokuguqulwa abe ngamandla eDC ngePCS ukutshaja ipakethi yebhetri. Xa kukho imfuno yombane kumthwalo, ibhetri ikhupha okwangoku, kunye nendawo yokuqokelela amandla ekupheleni kwebhetri. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iinkqubo zokudibanisa i-AC zibandakanya amacandelo amaninzi, kubandakanywa iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic (ikakhulukazi zibandakanya iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic kunye ne-inverters ezidityanisiweyo zegridi), iinkqubo zokugcina amandla okugcina amandla (ikakhulukazi kubandakanywa iipakethi zebhetri, i-PCS, i-BMS, njl.), EMS, njl. inkqubo, njl.

Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza uquka ukuguqula amandla e-DC aveliswa yimodyuli ye-photovoltaic kumandla e-AC ngokusebenzisa i-inverters edibeneyo yegridi, enokuthi inikezelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwigridi okanye imithwalo yombane. Kungenjalo, inokuguqulwa ibe ngamandla eDC ngePCS kwaye ihlawulwe kwibhetri yepakethe. Ngeli nqanaba, indawo yokuqokelela amandla ikwisiphelo se-AC. Iinkqubo zokudibanisa i-DC ziyaziwa ngeendleko-zokusebenza kunye nokuguquguquka, ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko apho abasebenzisi basebenzisa umbane omncinci emini nangaphezulu ebusuku. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iinkqubo zokudibanisa i-AC zibonakaliswe ngeendleko eziphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka, ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo apho iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic sele zikhona okanye apho abasebenzisi basebenzisa umbane omninzi emini nangaphantsi ebusuku.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-architecture ye-industrial kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezorhwebo zinokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwigridi yamandla ephambili kwaye zenze i-microgrid yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri.

II. I-Peak Valley Arbitrage

I-Peak valley arbitrage yimodeli yengeniso esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yogcino lwamandla oshishino kunye norhwebo, olubandakanya ukuhlawuliswa kwigridi ngamaxabiso aphantsi ombane kunye nokukhupha kumaxabiso aphezulu ombane.

Ukuthatha i-China njengomzekelo, amacandelo ayo amashishini kunye nezorhwebo ngokuqhelekileyo aphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yexabiso lokusetyenziswa kwexesha lokusetyenziswa kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yexabiso eliphezulu lombane. Ngokomzekelo, kwingingqi yaseShanghai, iKhomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo yaseShanghai yakhupha isaziso sokwandisa ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwamaxabiso ombane kwisixeko (iKhomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweShanghai [2022] No. 50). Ngokwesaziso:

Ukulungiselela iinjongo zoshishino jikelele kunye nezorhwebo, kunye nezinye iinxalenye ezimbini kunye nemizi-mveliso emikhulu yokusetyenziswa kombane wamacandelo amabini, ixesha lencopho lisusela ngo-19:00 ukuya ku-21:00 ebusika (ngoJanuwari nangoDisemba) kwaye ukususela ngo-12:00 ukuya kwi-14: 00 ehlotyeni (Julayi nango-Agasti).

Ngexesha leencopho zasehlotyeni (ngoJulayi, Agasti, Septemba) nasebusika (ngoJanuwari, Disemba), amaxabiso ombane aya kunyuka nge-80% ngokusekelwe kwixabiso eliphantsi. Ngokuchaseneyo, ngamaxesha aphantsi, amaxabiso ombane aya kuhla nge-60% ngokusekelwe kwixabiso eliphantsi. Ukongezelela, ngamaxesha aphakamileyo, amaxabiso ombane aya kunyuka nge-25% ngokusekelwe kwixabiso eliphezulu.

Kwezinye iinyanga ngexesha leencopho, amaxabiso ombane aya kunyuka nge-60% ngokusekwe kwixabiso eliphantsi, ngelixa ngamaxesha aphantsi, amaxabiso aya kuhla nge-50% ngokusekwe kwixabiso elithe tyaba.

Ukusetyenziswa kombane jikelele kwimizi-mveliso, urhwebo, kunye nolunye umbane wenkqubo enye, kuphela iiyure eziyincopho kunye nentlambo ezahlulwayo ngaphandle kolwahlulo olongezelelekileyo lweeyure zencopho. Ngexesha leencopho zasehlotyeni (ngoJulayi, Agasti, Septemba) nasebusika (ngoJanuwari, Disemba), amaxabiso ombane aya kunyuka nge-20% ngokusekelwe kwixabiso eliphantsi, ngelixa ngamaxesha aphantsi, amaxabiso aya kuhla nge-45% ngokusekelwe kwixabiso elincinci. Kwezinye iinyanga ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo, amaxabiso ombane aya kunyuka nge-17% ngokusekelwe kwixabiso eliphantsi, ngelixa ngamaxesha aphantsi, amaxabiso aya kuhla nge-45% ngokusekelwe kwixabiso eliphantsi.

Iinkqubo zogcino lwamandla kwimizi-mveliso kunye nezorhwebo ziyawusebenzisa olu luhlu lwamaxabiso ngokuthenga umbane onexabiso eliphantsi ngexesha leeyure ongasebenzi ngazo kwaye ziwubonelele kumthwalo ngamaxesha ombane ophakamileyo okanye amaxabiso aphezulu. Lo msebenzi unceda ukunciphisa iindleko zombane zeshishini.

III. I-Energy Time Shift

"Ixesha lokutshintsha amandla" libandakanya ukulungelelanisa ixesha lokusetyenziswa kombane ngokugcina amandla ukuze kugudiswe iimfuno eziphakamileyo kunye nokuzalisa amaxesha ayimfuneko ephantsi. Xa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokuvelisa amandla njengeeseli ze-photovoltaic, ukungafani phakathi kwejika lokuvelisa kunye ne-curve yokusetyenziswa komthwalo kunokukhokelela kwiimeko apho abasebenzisi bathengisa umbane ogqithisileyo kwigridi ngamaxabiso aphantsi okanye bathenge umbane kwigridi ngamaxabiso aphezulu.

Ukujongana noku, abasebenzisi banokuhlawulisa ibhetri ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kombane okuphantsi kunye nokukhupha umbane ogciniweyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa okuphezulu. Esi sicwangciso sijolise ekwandiseni inzuzo yezoqoqosho kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yenkampani. Ukongeza, ukonga intsalela yomoya kunye namandla elanga kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo ukuze isetyenziswe kamva ngexesha leemfuno eziphambili nako kuthathelwa ingqalelo njengesenzo sokutshintsha ixesha lamandla.

Ukutshintsha kwexesha lamandla alinazo iimfuno ezingqongqo malunga nokutshaja kunye neeshedyuli zokukhupha, kwaye iiparamitha zamandla kwezi nkqubo ziguquguqukayo, okwenza kube isisombululo esinobuninzi kunye nokuphindaphinda okuphezulu kokusetyenziswa.

IV.Iimodeli zoshishino eziqhelekileyo zokugcina amandla oshishino kunye nezorhwebo

1.UmxholoIibandakanyeka

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, undoqo wogcino lwamandla oshishino kunye norhwebo lulele ekusebenziseni izixhobo zokugcina amandla kunye neenkonzo, kunye nokufumana izibonelelo zokugcina amandla ngokusebenzisa i-arbitrage ye-peak valley kunye nezinye iindlela. Kwaye malunga neli khonkco, abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili babandakanya umboneleli wezixhobo, umboneleli wenkonzo yamandla, iqela lokuqeshisa ngemali, kunye nomsebenzisi:

2.EqhelekileyoBluncedoMii-odels

Okwangoku, kukho imifuziselo yeshishini eqhelekileyo yogcino lwamandla kwimizi-mveliso kunye nezorhwebo, ezizezi, imodeli “yotyalo-mali lomsebenzisi”, imodeli “yokuqeshisa okumsulwa”, imodeli “yolawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi”, kunye “nolawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi + nokuqeshisa ngemali” imodeli. Sishwankathele oku ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

(1)Use Iutyalomali

Ngaphantsi kwemodeli yotyalo-mali lomsebenzisi, umsebenzisi uyathenga kwaye afakele iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ngokwabo ukonwabela izibonelelo zokugcina amandla, ngakumbi nge-arbitrage ye-peak valley. Kule modi, nangona umsebenzisi unokunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukucheba okuphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zombane, kusafuneka zithwale iindleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali kunye neendleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwansuku zonke. Umzobo wemodeli yoshishino ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

(2) UsulungekileLukunciphisa

Kwimo ecocekileyo yokuqeshisa, umsebenzisi akafuni ukuthenga izixhobo zokugcina amandla ngokwabo. Bafuna kuphela ukurenta izibonelelo zokugcina amandla kumboneleli wezixhobo kunye nokuhlawula iifizi ezihambelanayo. Umboneleli wezixhobo ubonelela ngeenkonzo zokwakha, zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kumsebenzisi, kwaye ingeniso yokugcina amandla eveliswa kule nto ibonwa ngumsebenzisi. Umzobo wemodeli yoshishino ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

(3) Ulawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi

Ngaphantsi kwemodeli yolawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi, umnikezeli wenkonzo yamandla utyala imali ekuthengeni iindawo zokugcina amandla kwaye unikezela kubasebenzisi ngendlela yeenkonzo zamandla. Umnikezeli wenkonzo yamandla kunye nomsebenzisi babelana ngeenzuzo zokugcina amandla ngendlela ekuvunyelwene ngayo (kubandakanya ukwabelana ngenzuzo, isaphulelo sexabiso lombane, njl. njl.), oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa inkqubo yesikhululo samandla sokugcina amandla ombane ngexesha lentlambo okanye ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lombane. amaxesha, kwaye emva koko unikeze amandla kumthwalo womsebenzisi ngexesha lamaxesha amaxabiso aphezulu ombane. Umsebenzisi kunye nomboneleli wenkonzo yamandla emva koko babelane ngeenzuzo zokugcina amandla kumlinganiselo ekuvunyelwene ngawo. Xa kuthelekiswa nemodeli yotyalo-mali lomsebenzisi, le modeli yazisa ababoneleli ngenkonzo yamandla ababonelela ngeenkonzo ezihambelanayo zokugcina amandla. Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zamandla badlala indima yabatyali-mali kwimodeli yolawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi, nto leyo enciphisa uxinzelelo lotyalo-mali kubasebenzisi. Umzobo wemodeli yoshishino ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

(4) ULawulo lwaMandla eKhontrakthi+Inkxaso-mali yokuQesha

Umfuziselo othi “uLawulo lwaMandla eKhontrakthi+ngeMali” lubhekiselele ekuqalisweni kweqela eliqeshisa ngezimali njengomqeshisi wamaziko ogcino lwamandla kunye/okanye iinkonzo zamandla phantsi komfuziselo woLawulo lwaMandla eSivumelwano. Xa kuthelekiswa nemodeli yolawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi, ukuqaliswa kwamaqela abolekisa ngemali ukuze kuthengwe amaziko okugcina amandla kunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwemali kubanikezeli beenkonzo zamandla, ngaloo ndlela kubenza bakwazi ukugxila ngcono kwiinkonzo zolawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi.

Imodeli “yoLawulo lwaMandla eKhontrakthi+ nokuQeshwa kweMali” inzima kakhulu kwaye ineemodeli ezincinci ezininzi. Umzekelo, enye imodeli ephantsi eqhelekileyo kukuba umboneleli wenkonzo yamandla ufumana izibonelelo zokugcina amandla kumboneleli wezixhobo kuqala, kwaye ke iqela eliqeshisa ngemali likhetha kwaye lithenge izibonelelo zokugcina amandla ngokwesivumelwano sabo nomsebenzisi, kwaye liqeshise izibonelelo zokugcina amandla ukuze umsebenzisi.

Ngethuba lexesha lokuqeshisa, ubunini beendawo zokugcina amandla ziyingxenye yenkxaso-mali yokuqeshisa, kwaye umsebenzisi unelungelo lokuzisebenzisa. Emva kokuphela kwexesha lokuqeshisa, umsebenzisi unokufumana ubunini beendawo zokugcina amandla. Umboneleli wenkonzo yamandla ikakhulu ubonelela ngolwakhiwo lweziko lokugcina amandla, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweenkonzo kubasebenzisi, kwaye unokufumana uqwalaselo oluhambelanayo kwiqela eliqeshisa ngenkxaso-mali lokuthengisa kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo. Umzobo wemodeli yoshishino ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Ngokungafaniyo nemodeli yangaphambili yembewu, kwenye imodeli yembewu, iqela lokuqeshisa ngemali lityala ngokuthe ngqo kumnikezeli wenkonzo yamandla, kunomsebenzisi. Ngokukodwa, iqela lokuqeshisa ngemali likhetha kwaye lithenge izixhobo zokugcina amandla kumboneleli wezixhobo ngokwesivumelwano salo kunye nomboneleli wenkonzo yamandla, kwaye uqeshise izixhobo zokugcina amandla kumnikezeli wenkonzo yamandla.

Umboneleli wenkonzo yamandla unokusebenzisa ezo ndawo zogcino lwamandla ukunika iinkonzo zamandla kubasebenzisi, abelane ngezibonelelo zogcino lwamandla kunye nabasebenzisi ngokomlinganiselo ekuvunyelwene ngawo, emva koko ahlawule iqela elirentayo lemali ngenxalenye yeenzuzo. Emva kokuba ixesha lokuqeshisa liphelile, umboneleli wenkonzo yamandla ufumana ubunini bendawo yokugcina amandla. Umzobo wemodeli yoshishino ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

V. Izivumelwano zoShishino eziQhelekileyo

Kwimodeli exoxiweyo, iiprothokholi eziphambili zoshishino kunye nemiba ehambelana nayo ichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1.Isivumelwano seNkqubo-sikhokelo yeNtsebenziswano:

Amaqumrhu angangena kwisivumelwano sesakhelo sentsebenziswano ukuseka isakhelo sentsebenziswano. Ngokomzekelo, kwimodeli yolawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi, umboneleli wenkonzo yamandla unokusayina isivumelwano esinjalo kunye nomboneleli wezixhobo, echaza uxanduva olunjengokwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla.

2.IsiVumelwano soLawulo lwaMandla kwiiNkqubo zokuGcina amandla:

Esi sivumelwano ngokuqhelekileyo sisebenza kwimodeli yolawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi kunye “nolawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi + nenkxaso-mali yokuqeshisa” imodeli. Ibandakanya unikezelo lweenkonzo zolawulo lwamandla ngumboneleli wenkonzo yamandla kumsebenzisi, kunye neenzuzo ezihambelanayo ezifunyanwa ngumsebenzisi. Uxanduva lubandakanya iintlawulo ezivela kumsebenzisi kunye nentsebenziswano yophuhliso lweprojekthi, ngelixa umboneleli wenkonzo yamandla ephethe uyilo, ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza.

3.IMvumelwano yoThengiso lweZixhobo:

Ngaphandle kwemodeli ecocekileyo yokuqeshisa, izivumelwano zokuthengisa izixhobo zifanelekile kuzo zonke iimodeli zokugcina amandla orhwebo. Ngokomzekelo, kwimodeli yotyalo-mali lomsebenzisi, izivumelwano zenziwa kunye nababoneleli bezixhobo zokuthenga kunye nokufakwa kweendawo zokugcina amandla. Uqinisekiso lomgangatho, ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho, kunye nenkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo.

4.Isivumelwano seNkonzo yobuGcisa:

Esi sivumelwano sityikitywa kunye nomboneleli wesixhobo ukuhambisa iinkonzo zobugcisa ezifana noyilo lwenkqubo, ukufakela, ukusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa. Iimfuno zenkonzo ezicacileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yimiba ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kwizivumelwano zenkonzo yobugcisa.

5.ISivumelwano sokuQeshwa kweZixhobo:

Kwiimeko apho ababoneleli bezixhobo bagcina ubunini beendawo zokugcina amandla, izivumelwano zokuqeshisa izixhobo zisayinwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi kunye nababoneleli. Ezi zivumelwano zichaza uxanduva lomsebenzisi lokugcina nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwamaziko.

6.IsiVumelwano sokuQesha ngeMali:

Kwimodeli ye "Contract Energy Management + Financial Leasing", isivumelwano sokuqeshisa ngemali siqhele ukusekwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi okanye ababoneleli ngenkonzo yamandla kunye namaqela okuqeshisa ngemali. Esi sivumelwano silawula ukuthengwa kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo zokugcina amandla, amalungelo obunini ngexesha nasemva kwexesha lokuqeshisa, kunye neengqwalasela zokukhetha iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokugcina amandla kubasebenzisi bamakhaya okanye ababoneleli benkonzo yamandla.

VI. Izilumkiso ezikhethekileyo kubanikezeli benkonzo yamandla

Ababoneleli ngenkonzo yamandla badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokufezekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla oshishino kunye nezorhwebo kunye nokufumana izibonelelo zokugcina amandla. Kubaboneleli benkonzo yamandla, kukho uluhlu lwemiba efuna ingqwalasela eyodwa phantsi kogcino lwamandla oshishino kunye norhwebo, olufana nolungiselelo lweprojekthi, ukuxhaswa ngemali kweprojekthi, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo kunye nofakelo. Ngokufutshane sidwelisa le miba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: