Izindaba

Amabhethri e-Sodium-ion (ama-SIB) anganikeza enye indlela ethembisayo yokunciphisa izindleko esikhundleni samabhethri e-lithium-ion (ama-LIB), ngokusho kombiko ovela kwi-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).

“I-ejensi”Amabhethri e-Sodium-Ion: Isifinyezo sobuchwepheshe"Umbiko uthi icala lama-SIB laqala ukuvelela ngo-2021, lapho amanani e-lithium carbonate eqala ukukhuphuka kakhulu, kodwa njengoba amanani e-lithium ehlile kusukela lapho, kusazobonakala ukuthi ama-SIB azoba yini enye indlela eshibhile kune-LIBs esikhathini eside."

Kodwa-ke, umbiko unezela ukuthi ama-SIB angase aqhubeke nokuncintisana ngaphezu kwama-LIB, kanti abanye abakhiqizi balindele ukuthi izindleko zamaseli e-SIB zehle ziye ku-$40/kWh uma ukukhiqizwa kukhuphuka.

Ama-SIB anenzuzo engaba khona kune-LIB ngenxa yobuningi nokufinyeleleka kwe-sodium, into eshibhile kakhulu kune-lithium. I-IRENA ithi intengo ye-sodium carbonate phakathi kuka-2020 no-2024 yayiphakathi kuka-$100/tonne no-$500/tonne, kanti intengo ye-lithium carbonate esikhathini esifanayo yayiphakathi kuka-$6,000/tonne no-$83,000/tonne.

I-sodium nayo inobuningi obuphindwe cishe nge-1,000 kune-lithium engqimbeni yoMhlaba futhi cishe inobuningi obuphindwe ka-60,000 olwandle, okwenza i-IRENA iphakamise ukuthi ama-SIB angasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kochungechunge lokuphakelwa futhi ahlukanise indawo yamabhethri, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi, okulindeleke ukuthi kubangele u-90% wezokuthutha emgwaqweni ngo-2050.

I-ejensi iphinde yaphakamisa ukuthi ama-SIB angasebenzisa izinto ezingabizi kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwawo, njengezinto ezishibhile ze-cathode njenge-manganese ne-iron, kanye nokusetshenziswa kweziqoqi ze-aluminium esikhundleni sezethusi kuma-LIB.

Umbiko uyanezela ukuthi ama-SIB anenzuzo yokuba namandla aphezulu okunciphisa izindleko kune-LIB ngenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe busesesigabeni sawo sokuqala kuze kube manje. Umthamo wokukhiqiza wama-SIB kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele ku-70 GWh kulo nyaka, ikakhulukazi eShayina futhi ulawulwa yi-layered metal oxide cathode chemistryries.

Nakuba amandla okukhiqiza kulindeleke ukuthi akhule afike ku-400 GWh ngonyaka ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi, i-IRENA ikhomba ukuthi kusekhona ukungaqiniseki mayelana nokungena emakethe yesikhathi esizayo kwama-SIB, kanye nezibikezelo zesidingo ezivela emithonjeni ehlukene kusukela ku-50 GWh kuya ku-600 GWh ngonyaka ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi.

Ngaphandle kwezimoto zikagesi, i-IRENA ithi kunethuba elikhulu lama-SIB ezindaweni zokugcina amandla ezimile, ezinkulu njengoba zinikeza izici zokuphepha ezithembisayo, ukusebenza okuhle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokushisa kanye nesikhathi sokuphila esincintisanayo. Ama-SIB angadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphansi kanye nezinokushisa okuphezulu ngenxa yokuphepha, lapho angaphumelela khona kakhulu kuma-LIB.

I-IRENA yengeza ngokuthi yize amathuba e-SIB emakhulu, ukuthunyelwa kwamandla esikhathini esizayo akucaci, kunezinselele eziphathelene nokuqinisekisa isidingo esanele kanye nochungechunge oluqinile lokuhlinzeka. I-ejensi iphinde igcizelele ukuthi ama-SIB akufanele abhekwe njengesikhundla esiphelele sama-LIB, kodwa kunalokho njengobuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo obungasiza ekunciphiseni ezinye zezinkinga zokuzinza nokutholakala ezizungeze uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngebhethri.

“Impumelelo yesikhathi eside yama-SIB cishe izoncika ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa izindleko nokutholakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo,” kuphetha umbiko. “Izingqinamba eketangeni lokuhlinzekwa kwe-lithium, ukuntuleka kwe-lithium noma izindleko ze-lithium eziphakeme konke kungabangela amazinga aphezulu okungena kwama-SIB, kuyilapho ukwehliswa kwezindleko okwengeziwe kuma-LIB cishe kuzoba nomthelela omubi esidingweni sama-SIB.”