Indlela yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni: Izinkampani kanye nohulumeni zisebenza kanjani ukunciphisa ukuphuma

Ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, noma ukukhishwa kwe-net-zero, umqondo wokuthola ibhalansi phakathi kwenani le-carbon dioxide ekhishwe emkhathini futhi inani elisusiwe kulo. Le esele ingatholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kokunciphisa ukuphuma nokutshala imali ekususweni kwekhabhoni noma ekususeni izindlela. Ukuthola ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni sekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kohulumeni namabhizinisi emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba befuna ukubhekana nosongo oluphuthumayo ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Elinye lamasu asemqoka aqashwe ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa ukwamukelwa kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo. I-solar, umoya, ne-hydropower yonke imithombo yamandla ahlanzekile angakhiqizi ukuphuma kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. Amazwe amaningi abeke imigomo yokufisa ukwandisa isabelo samandla avuselelekayo ekuhlanganiseni kwamandla awonke ukuhlanganiswa, nabanye okuhlose ukufeza amandla avuselelekayo angu-100%.

Elinye isu eliqashwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbon Capture kanye ne-Store (CCS) Technology. Ama-CC ahlanganisa ukuthumba ukuphuma kwe-carbon dioxide kusuka ezitshalweni zamandla noma kwezinye izindawo zezimboni futhi azigcinele ngaphansi komhlaba noma kwezinye izindawo zokugcina isikhathi eside. Ngenkathi ama-CC esesezigabeni zawo zokuqala zentuthuko, inamandla okunciphisa kakhulu ukuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kwezinye izimboni ezingcolisa kakhulu.

 Ngaphezu kwezixazululo zezobuchwepheshe, kukhona nezindlela eziningi zenqubomgomo ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphuma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindlela zamanani e-carbon, njengezinhlelo zekhabhoni noma izinhlelo ze-cap-and-trade, ezakha isisusa sezimali sezinkampani ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwazo. Ohulumeni bangaphinde babeke imigomo yokunciphisa ukuphuma kokuphuma futhi banikeze izisusa zezinkampani ezitshala imali ehlanzekile noma zinciphise ukuphuma kwazo.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinselelo ezibalulekile okufanele zinqotshwe ekufuneni ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu kakhulu yizindleko eziphakeme zobuchwepheshe obuningi obuvuselelekayo bumandla. Ngenkathi izindleko beziwela ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe amaningi namabhizinisi asakuthola kunzima ukucacisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okudingekayo ukushintshela emithonjeni yamandla evuselelekayo.

Enye inselelo isidingo sokubambisana kwamanye amazwe. Ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke edinga ukusabela komhlaba okuhlanganisiwe. Kodwa-ke, amazwe amaningi ake waba manqikanqika ukuthatha isenzo, noma ngabe aswele izinsiza zokutshala imali emandleni ahlanzekile noma ngoba zikhathazekile ngomthelela emnothweni wazo.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinselelo, kunezizathu eziningi zokuba nethemba ngekusasa lokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Ohulumeni namabhizinisi azungeze umhlaba baya ngokuya bebona ukuphuthuma kwesimo sezulu futhi bathatha isinyathelo sokunciphisa ukuphuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kwenza imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo evuselelekayo etholakalayo futhi iyatholakala kunangaphambili.

Ekuphetheni, ukuzuza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kuyinjongo efisa kodwa efinyelelekayo. Kuzodinga inhlanganisela yokuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe, izindlela zenqubomgomo, kanye nokubambisana kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, uma siphumelela emizamweni yethu yokunciphisa ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa, singakha ikusasa elizinzile ngokwethu kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo.