Indlela Eya Ekungathathi hlangothi Kwekhabhoni: Izinkampani Nohulumeni Zisebenza Kanjani Ukunciphisa Ukukhishwa Kwekhabhoni

Ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, noma ukukhishwa kwe-net-zero, umqondo wokuzuza ibhalansi phakathi kwenani le-carbon dioxide ekhishelwe emkhathini kanye nenani elikhishiwe kuwo. Le bhalansi ingafinyelelwa ngenhlanganisela yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokutshala imali ekususweni kwekhabhoni noma ezinyathelweni zokunciphisa. Ukuzuza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni sekuyinto eseqhulwini kohulumeni namabhizinisi emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba befuna ukubhekana nosongo oluphuthumayo lokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Elinye lamasu abalulekile asetshenziswayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya ukwamukelwa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Ilanga, umoya, namandla aphehlwa ngamanzi konke kuyimithombo yamandla ahlanzekile angakhiqizi isisi esibamba ukushisa. Amazwe amaningi azibekele imigomo emikhulu yokwandisa isabelo samandla avuselelekayo kuyo yonke ingxube yawo yamandla, amanye ehlose ukuzuza amandla avuselelekayo angu-100% ngo-2050.

Elinye isu elisetshenziswayo ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-carbon capture and storage (CCS). I-CCS ihilela ukuthwebula ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide okuvela ezimbonini zikagesi noma kwezinye izindawo zezimboni bese kugcinwe ngaphansi komhlaba noma kwezinye izindawo zokugcina izinto zesikhathi eside. Nakuba i-CCS isesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka, inamandla okunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa evela kwezinye zezimboni ezingcolisa kakhulu.

 Ngaphezu kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe, kukhona nenani lezinyathelo zenqubomgomo ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ukungcola. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindlela zokubeka amanani ekhabhoni, njengezintela zekhabhoni noma izinhlelo ze-cap-and-trade, ezidala inkuthazo yezezimali ezinkampanini ukuthi zehlise ukukhishwa kwazo. Ohulumeni bangakwazi futhi ukubeka imigomo yokunciphisa ukungcola futhi banikeze izikhuthazo ezinkampanini ezitshala amandla ahlanzekile noma ezinciphisa ukukhishwa kwazo.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinselelo ezibalulekile okufanele zinqotshwe ekufuneni ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu izindleko eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe obuningi bamandla avuselelekayo. Nakuba izindleko bezilokhu zehla ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva, amazwe amaningi namabhizinisi asakuthola kunzima ukuthethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphambili okudingekayo ukuze kushintshelwe emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo.

Enye inselelo isidingo sokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke edinga impendulo edidiyelwe yomhlaba wonke. Nokho, amazwe amaningi abe manqikanqika ukuthatha isinyathelo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi awanazo izinsiza zokutshala amandla ahlanzekile noma ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngomthelela kwezomnotho wawo.

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, kunezizathu eziningi zokuba nethemba ngekusasa lokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Ohulumeni namabhizinisi emhlabeni wonke baya ngokuya bekubona ukuphuthuma kwenkinga yesimo sezulu futhi bathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukungcola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe yenza imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ithengeke futhi ifinyeleleke kunangaphambili.

Sengiphetha, ukuzuza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kuwumgomo wokuvelela kodwa ofinyelelekayo. Izodinga inhlanganisela yokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, izinyathelo zenqubomgomo, nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Nokho, uma siphumelela emizamweni yethu yokunciphisa isisi esingcolisa umoya, singakha ikusasa elisimeme ngokwethu nezizukulwane ezizayo.